Frequency Response From Aggregated V2G Chargers With Uncertain EV Connections

Fast frequency response (FR) is highly effective at securing dynamics after a generator outage in low inertia systems. Electric vehicles (EVs) equipped with vehicle to grid (V2G) chargers could offer an abundant source of FR future. However, the uncertainty associated V2G aggregation, driven by uncertain number connected EVs time outage, has not been fully understood and prevents its participation existing service provision framework. To tackle this limitation, paper, for first time, incorporates such into system dynamics, from which probabilistic nadir steady state requirements are enforced via derived moment-based distributionally-robust chance constraint. Field data over 25,000 analysed provide realistic parameters connection forecasts examine value annual operation GB 2030 system. The case study demonstrates that EV connections can be effectively managed through proposed scheduling framework, results savings $£$6,300 or 37.4 tCO$_{2}$ per charger. sensitivity renewable capacity delays explored, shown third as valuable same battery capacity.